8月22日 南ア：黒人女性はもっと主張せよ Black women held back'

Le jeudi 22 août 2013

7時、快晴、21℃、47.5%。

休暇中に家のバナナが太くなっていた。しかし、触ってみるとまだまだ固い。タンザニアではグリーンのバナナを売っていた。だが、あれは料理用の野菜、家のは黄色くなる果物のはずだ。いつになったら食べられるのだろう。こんどルーシー小母さんが来たら診断してもらおう。

家のバナナ

南アの中央銀行総裁は女性である。Gill Marcus氏（64歳）。「南ア社会では黒人女性は家事についているものとされビジネスに進出を阻まれている」とプライスウォータハウスの朝食会で発電した。「女性であるだけで既にハンデがあるのに、黒人女性であることはさらにハンデが大きい」と述べ女性の地位向上にエールを送った。同時に女性も、一層努力し能力を発揮することが肝要であると自戒もしている。

ジル・マーカス氏の両親はユダヤ系南ア人（白人）だが、アパルトヘイト政策に積極的に反対する活動家であった。南ア共産党党員。一時英国に娘を連れて亡命。ジル氏も自然に反アパルトヘイト運動に参加していた。マンデラ政権で財務副大臣や中銀副総裁を歴任。現ズマ大統領に請われて2009年現職についた。ジェンダー問題でゴードン大学で教鞭をとったこともある。

女性がビジネス社会に入り難いのは日本も同じ。女性の日銀総裁は候補もいない。教員や公務員だけでなく、あらゆる分野で女性がもっともっと活躍してもいいのではないか。女性の側で現状を受け入れてしまう気風が強い。戦う女性が必要だろう。昔のウーマン・リブとか昨今のフェメンFemenなどの現象ではなく、実力を見せる多くの女性たちの登場が望まれる。

南ア中銀のマーカス総裁

Afrique du sud: comment les préjugés plombent les femmes noires

En Afrique du Sud, les femmes noires sont souvent associées à l'image de la domestique. La gouverneure de la Banque du pays déplore les conséquences néfastes de ces préjugés.

Les préjugés ont la vie dure. Et les femmes noires en sont les premières victimes collatérales. Selon la gouverneure de la Banque d'Afrique du sud, Gill Marcus, ces femmes sont jugées avant même d'avoir ouvert la bouche. Car elles sont noires et associées au travail domestique.

Lors d'un déjeuner organisé à Johannesburg, elle a rappelé que toutes les femmes noires ne devaient pas être cantonées au rôle de personnel de maison. Même si la plupart des domestiques sont des femmes noires.

Certes «toutes les femmes ont des difficultés,mais les femmes africaines doivent s'attendre à relever plus de défis, en raison des préjugés qui pèsent sur elles. Par conséquent, vous avez à les surmonter avant même de commencer,» déplore la gouverneure. Les femmes, plus que les hommes, font plus de sacrifices à cause de leurs responsabilités. Pour ces raisons, elles sont amenées à chercher très rapidement un travail.

Devant un parterre principalement féminin, la gouverneure a rappelé l'importance de l'éducation chez les jeunes filles. Une arme décisive dans la lutte des femmes noires contre les préjugés.

（元記事は下記英文。『Sowetan』誌電子版、8月21日）

'Black women held back'

The assumption that black women are only domestic workers affects their progress in the business sector and needs to be fought, SA Reserve Bank governor Gill Marcus said.

"It is partly because in the South African society the experience of most people with African women is of the domestic worker we have in our homes, and therefore there is the assumption that that's what African women do," Marcus said.

"Black women have to be a thousand times better, a thousand times smarter and have a skin as thick as a rhinoceros because there are assumptions before you open your mouth. And those won't go away easily."

Speaking at a PricewaterhouseCoopers breakfast at the Johannesburg Country Club in Sandton, she said women in general had to prove themselves every time, but black women in particular had more to overcome.

It was important to ensure that the assumption people had of black women was not allowed to dominate, Marcus said.

"So as much as all women have challenges, African women in particular have bigger challenges because there are assumptions. Therefore you have got to overcome assumptions and prejudice before you even start," she said.

"African women in our society have additional burdens."

She said most domestic workers in the country were black women but that these women often did what work they could get because they did not want the same for their children.

She said the world financial crisis, including in South Africa, was not over.

"We are meeting in very difficult times... We may go in and out of the recession but we have not come out of the financial crisis. Behind the statistics are ordinary people whose lives have been fundamentally affected."

She said one of the reasons the financial crisis had not been solved was because there was not trust globally. South Africa was still in "unprecedented times" and it was not business as usual.

Addressing an audience of mostly women, she said women often needed to make more sacrifices because of responsibilities like looking after children and their households. Therefore women needed a better support system.

"Weigh up responsibilities and see the price women have to pay, then create a support network to cope."

Marcus encouraged women to be "present" at work and said they needed to add value in the workplace.

Marcus said men were often awarded better education and opportunities. She told women to work harder to show their worth and capabilities. The skills shortage made it important to educate girls.

"If we educate the girl child we will do away with shortages of skills. The challenge is that the girl child is not educated in the same way as the boy child," Marcus said.

She encouraged women who wanted to succeed to enhance their skills and get work exposure and experience.